Despite goats and sheep being less commonly represented in tomb scenes… they were kept in greater numbers than the more prestigious cattle.
A goat depicted in a scene from the First Intermediate Period Tomb of Iti and Neferu at Gebelein. It is now in the Museo Egizio, Turin. Image: Museo Egizio, Turin
Evidence suggests that sheep and goats were among the earliest domesticated animals used for meat in Egypt. On a ceremonial mace head in the Ashmolean Museum, Narmer listed the spoils of his unification campaign (c.3100 BC) as 400,000 cattle, 1,422,000 goats, and 120,000 human captives. In the record on the Palermo Stone of the Nubian campaign of Sneferu (c.2613-2589 BC), the term ‘s
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