historic buildings

Conserving the keep

Orford Castle in Suffolk has reopened to visitors after detailed conservation work – a project 13 years in the making – was completed in January. The castle was originally built for Henry II between 1165 and 1174, as a royal…

Wroxeter: ashes under Uricon

Review by Neil Holbrook Many people have a favourite archaeological site, an evocative place that has a personal resonance with the past. The landscape setting is frequently inspirational, sometimes more so than the actual remains of the site itself. Roger…

Left The River Great Stour weaves its way through the centre of Canterbury, creating a much photographed vista from the High Street, where it is overlooked by the five gables of the building known as The Weavers. It is a former Huguenot workshop, with a much restored exterior but a genuine 17th century interior frame.

Lessons from Canterbury: saving heritage with new approaches to urban development

Influential figures in the heritage world are concerned about the scale and height of new buildings proposed for the centre of Canterbury, where the primacy of the cathedral as a focal point of views and the intimacy of historic streets are under threat. Chris Catling reports on a manifesto for the city produced by SAVE Britain’s Heritage, warning against the mistakes of post-war development and recommending a new approach that has lessons for many of our towns and cities.

Farming Wales

This image shows Esgair Llewelyn in Powys, one of the oldest farmhouses in Wales. It was built as a cruck-framed upland hallhouse c.1500. It would have originally had an open fire in the middle of the hall floor, but the…

Far left The Marlipins c.1926, when the building first opened as a museum.

The Marlipins Museum, Shoreham-by-Sea

With its distinctive chequerboard exterior combining Caen stone and knapped flint, the Marlipins building in Shoreham-by-Sea has been an eye-catching landmark for centuries – in fact, dendrochronological analysis suggests that it is the earliest surviving secular building in Sussex. Its…

The British Sundial Society

The British Sundial Society is compiling a register of all the Mass dials (also known as scratch dials) in the country. So far, 5,500 examples have been recorded and the society is keen to hear from anyone who can help…

LEFT The exterior of Icknield Street School in Birmingham. photo: Stephen Hartland

Victorian architecture

There is a growing realisation that the solution to the climate emergency is to retrofit existing buildings, with all their embodied carbon and energy, rather than to build new ‘environmentally sustainable’ structures in place of old.

Left The wall paintings on the south wall of the south aisle at St Cadoc’s church, Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan, with the magnificent St George in the centre and Death and the Gallant to the left. Higher up is the princess rescued by St George and her royal parents peering anxiously from the battlements of their palace. To the right is the Virgin blessing the scene beneath the shield of the probable sponsor (the Bawdrip family, of nearby Fonmon Castle), and beyond are depictions of the Seven Deadly Sins.

Lost and found: wall paintings and rood-screens in Welsh churches

In response to the Black Lives Matter protests of June 2020, influential voices within the Anglican church called for the removal of every monument and stained-glass window commemorating people connected with slavery and empire. Ideologically motivated change on such a scale might seem unprecedented, but it has happened time and again throughout history, not least in the 16th and 17th centuries when wall paintings were obliterated and rood-lofts demolished. New discoveries remind us what we have lost, as Chris Catling reports.

ABOVE A single church can yield no end of treasures. In this case, the church of St Mary, in Chilham, Kent, has the remarkable English Renaissance tomb of Margaret Palmer (d. 1619) made from the local grey Bethersden marble, polished then etched with rose and honeysuckle blossoms and vine leaves in shallow relief. Nearby is the monument to Arthur and Edmund Hardy (d. 1858, presumably of a childhood illness), whose family owned Chilham Castle from 1861 to 1918, sculpted by Alexander Munro, with its unique depiction of a bat and shuttlecock. In the opposite (southern) aisle is the monument to Lady Mary Digges (d. 1631), with alabaster figures of Justice, Temperance, Prudence, and Fortitude (shown here) carved by Nicholas Stone.

Church Crawlers Anonymous

This ‘society’ consists of an informal Facebook group with some 1,600 members. Anyone who shares the group’s passion for exploring places of worship and contributing photographs that inspire others to enjoy visiting such places can join. Perhaps more people would…

Opposite The ruins of Valle Crucis Abbey are among the most picturesque in Wales, and it is unsurprising that a drawing of the west front forms the very first image, the frontispiece, to ArchCamb‘s first volume. J E Gregan’s ‘beautiful and highly picturesque drawing’ did not find favour with those readers who demanded ‘much needed illustrations of a scientific and professional manner’, like the meticulous drawings of the interior of the Presbytery and outlines of mouldings, measured and drawn by Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings enthusiast Harold Hughes FSA ARIBA (1864 1940) to accompany his three part architectural study of the abbey (1894 1895). Both have value, argues Sian Rees in her commentary, the former serving to illustrate the importance of the ruins in the Welsh psyche, the delight in the past and appreciation of landscape; the second exemplifying the serious study of Welsh medieval architecture in the best traditions of Victorian architectural draughtsmanship, with illustrations serving both to stimulate further research and to act as important documents of record.

Picturing the past in Wales: the evolution of archaeological illustration

No more waiting for photographs to be processed only to discover that half of them are under- or over-exposed or out of focus: we live in the age of selfies, and social media based on images taken with mobile phones that are many times more sophisticated than the cameras of the past, giving instant results. It is therefore easy to forget what a lengthy and difficult process it was to illustrate archaeological journals in the past. Chris Catling has been learning all about the ways in which archaeological illustration has evolved from an illuminating book produced to celebrate the 175th anniversary of the Cambrian Archaeological Association.

LEFT A city of contrasts: St Andrew Undershaft (named after the shaft of the maypole that once stood alongside the church) now sits in the shadow of 30 St Mary Axe (commonly known as ‘The Gherkin)’.

Friends of the City Churches

The Friends organise a rota of more than 100 volunteer ‘watchers’ to keep the churches open. They put on lectures, tours, and special events, while encouraging others to make use of the buildings.

BELOW The chancel at Clodock (Herefordshire) reflects 16th century Protestant reforms: the altar has been replaced by a Communion Table, and memorials inhabit the floor and walls of a space from which the congregation was previously excluded because this was regarded as the priest’s part of the church.

The Church Recording Society

Church Recorders work in groups of 10-15 people, supported by a skilled photographer. They research and document the memorials, stonework, flooring, woodwork, metalwork, windows, textiles, paintings, organ, books, and historical records.

Photo: National Trust Images, Marianne Majerus

News in brief

News touching on the conservation of a 12th century church in Hertfordshire, the discovery of medieval structures at Berwick Infirmary, and the National Trust marking 125 years since the purchase of its first house.

The Society of Antiquaries of London is concerned that rising rent may force it to leave Burlington House (below lEFT), potentially endangering its extensive collection, which includes many historically significant objects, including this medieval processional cross (right) and a selection of important 16th century royal portraits (below).

Save Burlington House!

Rising rent may force the Antiquaries to leave Burlington House, potentially endangering its extensive collection, which includes many historically significant objects.

Above An aerial view of Gwyrch Castle, a 19th century country house in North Wales. right The Mary Rose, Henry VIII’s warship, which sank in 1545, was raised in 1982. Its conserved hull and many finds from the ship are on display in the Mary Rose Museum in Portsmouth.

A helping hand for heritage

Since 1980, the UK’s National Heritage Memorial Fund has been safeguarding significant heritage at risk of loss. New archaeological finds declared as Treasure, works of art being sold to overseas buyers, historic buildings, and even an island home for puffins all come under the NHMF’s remit, with the various items they support serving as a memorial to those who have died for the UK. As the government-funded NHMF celebrated its 40th anniversary, Lucia Marchini spoke to Vanessa Wells to learn more about its achievements over the decades.

The Art Deco Society UK

Was it by coincidence that the formation of the Art Deco Society UK (ADSUK) in 2019 coincided with the publication of Art Deco Britain: buildings of the interwar years by Elain Harwood, Historic England’s 20th-century architecture specialist? Elain argues that…