Current Archaeology 384

• Exploring the world of Stonehenge
• Symbolism in Shakespeare’s schoolroom
• Quarrying clues: Neolithic stone extraction
• Britain’s most elusive Roman sculptures (out 9 February)
• Deciphering the DNA of the Amesbury Archer and the Companion

Current Archaeology 384
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Current Archaeology 384

Highlights:

From the Editor:

This month’s cover star is, of course, Stonehenge – one of the most recognisable archaeological sites in Britain. What can we understand about the world that this famous monument emerged from, though, and how much can we know about the experiences of the people who built it? A new exhibition at the British Museum places the site in its wider context, and explores the transformative social, cultural, and technological changes that it witnessed.

While our cover feature considers the ideas and identities that Stonehenge may have been intended to express, was there also deeper meaning in the act of sourcing its raw materials? Our next article discusses ideas of significance and symbolism in Neolithic stone extraction.

Stone and the art of shaping it also plays a key role in our third feature, which showcases the latest findings of the Elusive Sculptures project. Researchers have been documenting previously unrecorded Roman carvings and inscriptions that have lain hidden for hundreds of years – many of them in plain sight.

Centuries-old artistic secrets have been coming to light in Stratford-upon-Avon too. We have visited the town’s medieval guildhall to learn more about 15th-century wall paintings that were covered over during the Protestant Reformation – and about the building where William Shakespeare is thought to have attended school.

Finally, bookending this issue with more news from Salisbury Plain, we bring you the latest findings following ancient DNA analysis of the Amesbury Archer, an early Bronze Age migrant from the Continent who was given one of Europe’s richest Bell Beaker burials a short distance from Stonehenge.

Cover Story

Main image Over the course of 1,500 years, Stonehenge witnessed dramatic changes, both to its own design and within the cultural landscape of prehistoric Britain.The world of Stonehenge: placing a famous monument in contextA new exhibition at the British Museum explores the landscape that Stonehenge emerged from, and the social, cultural, and technological transformations it witnessed. Neil Wilkin…

Features

Artistic obscurity: analysing Britain’s most elusive Roman sculpturesResearch in the hinterland of Hadrian’s Wall has revealed remarkable examples of Romano-British artistry hidden in plain sight. Ian Haynes and Lindsay Allason-Jones explore some…
Reinterpreting 15th-century wall paintings in Shakespeare’s SchoolroomRecent analysis of 600-year-old murals in Stratford-upon-Avon’s historic guildhall has revealed clues to their probable date, as well as the purpose behind their creation. As…
ABOVE Overlooking excavations near Chipping Warden that have uncovered traces of a large Roman trading centre.HS2 works uncover major Roman trading settlementExcavations in advance of HS2 construction in Northamptonshire have uncovered the remains of a previously unknown Iron Age village that grew into a flourishing Roman…
ABOVE This image shows how Hazleton North long cairn might have looked during the early Neolithic period. Image: courtesy of Corinium Museum, copyright Cotswold District CouncilFamily matters: tracing kinship links in a Neolithic tombGenetic analysis of 35 individuals buried in a Gloucestershire long cairn has reconstructed a 5,700-year-old family tree spanning five generations, shedding unprecedented light on Neolithic…
Family ties: deciphering the DNA of the Amesbury Archer and the CompanionTwenty years ago, one of the richest Bell Beaker burials ever found in Europe was discovered close to Stonehenge. At that time, DNA analysis was…
Left Prominent in Alpine views from as far distant as Milan, Monte Viso (top) is the source of jadeitite axe heads found all over northern Europe. The quarry is located at around 2,000m the peak lies at 3,841m (12,602ft) above sea level. The glacial terrace on the flanks of the mountain (below) is part of a landscape where storms can suddenly appear and jagged peaks constitute a heroic landscape where the challenges of reaching and extracting jadeitite reinforce the symbolism of the resulting axe heads.Quarrying clues: exploring the symbolism of Neolithic stone extractionThe bluestone circles at Stonehenge represent one of the best-known examples of Neolithic skill in the extraction and long-distance transport of stone, but archaeologists have…

Comment

RIGHT CA 343 explored Trumpington, on the western edge of Cambridge, where archaeologists have found impressive early medieval burials.Excavating CambridgeshireMeanwhile, at Yaxley, Current Archaeology reported on work examining the archaeology of the ‘second’ English Civil War, during which the village church of St Peter’s…
LEFT The exterior of Icknield Street School in Birmingham. photo: Stephen HartlandVictorian architectureThere is a growing realisation that the solution to the climate emergency is to retrofit existing buildings, with all their embodied carbon and energy, rather…

News

Views

Current Archaeology LIVE! 2022 – new speakers confirmed!It is almost time for Current Archaeology Live! 2022, which will run from 25 to 27 February. We have an excellent line-up of leading archaeological…
IMAGE: National Manx HeritageMuseum news – January 2022The latest on acquisitions, exhibitions, and key decisions.
Events, exhibitions, and heritage from home – Spring 2022There is a great variety of archaeological and historical exhibitions, events, and activities scheduled for the coming year, and we have gathered a selection of…
Above Cultures of cloth explores medieval textile production and consumption; a fourth case containing the remains of the 16th century Coleorton Tunic, covered with a cloth to protect the fragile fabric, is not pictured here, but the case in the foreground contains an artistic reconstruction of the garment.Cultures of cloth in the medieval East MidlandsThe Midlands was a key centre for wool-production and textile-making during the medieval period. Carly Hilts visited an exhibition at the University of Nottingham Museum…

Reviews

Roman Bath: a new history and archaeology of Aquae SulisFor me, the crux of this book comes on page 132. Peter Davenport explains that ‘the plan of the Classical temple [was altered] into something…
GrecoRoman MedicineGreco-Roman Medicine and What It Can Teach Us TodayThis book examines aspects of the medicine practised in the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus to that of Marcus Aurelius. ‘Roman medicine’ was…
Prehistoric Rock Art in Scotland: archaeology, meaning and engagementOver the past 50 years or so, the later prehistoric open-air rock art of Scotland has received much useful attention with the sterling work of…
Highfligher farmIron Age and Roman Settlement at Highflyer Farm, Ely, CambridgeshireThis well-produced collaborative volume (with 12 subsidiary authors and two illustrators) presents – very timeously – the results of the 2018 excavation of c.4.5ha of…
Explorations in Archaeology and PhilosophyShowcasing 12 articles in four parts, Explorations in Archaeology and Philosophy emerged from a 2017 interdisciplinary conference, and the editors aimed to represent the diversity…
The Metal in Britain’s Coins: where did it come from and how did it get here?At a time when even the highest-value coin in regular circulation (£2) will sometimes hardly cover the cost of a cup of coffee, it is…