The worst commanders in history?

What makes a good or bad military leader? Is it just the winning and losing of battles, or does personality also play a part? A new book looks at some of the most disastrous commanders down the centuries. Here, three historians explain their choices.
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The study of military history has tended to concentrate on stories of great generals -- from Alexander the Great to Napoleon -- whose victories echo down the ages, and whose achievements are held up as an example to future generations. According to a new book, however, there is another side to the coin. In their introduction to The Worst Military Leaders in History, John M Jennings and Chuck Steele argue that to understand war more completely it is necessary also to give consideration to history’s most catastrophic commanders. After all, they ask, are there not lessons to be learned from the study of failure, as well as of success? As we discover over the following pages, terrible mi

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