left The English longbow proved decisive to Henry V’s landmark victory at the Battle of Agincourt, depicted here in a 15th-century miniature by Enguerrand de Monstrelet.

The Battle of Baugé, 1421: when the Scots saved France

One of the bloodiest encounters between Scottish and English armies took place not on British soil – but in northern France, as part of the Hundred Years War. William E Welsh describes the events that lead to the Battle of Baugé, on 22 March 1421.
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On a dark night in Paris in November 1407, Louis I, Duke of Orléans – the younger brother of King Charles VI of France – was dining with his sister-in-law, Queen Isabella, when he received an urgent summons from the king. Orléans and his attendants left the queen’s residence at Hôtel Barbette bound for the king’s quarters at Hôtel Saint-Pol. They had only ridden one block on their mules when a band of armed assailants rushed from the shadows of a cross-street. Overpowering Louis’ attendants, they pulled the duke to the ground, striking him with an axe and beating him repeatedly with clubs. Satisfied that he was dead, they then set fire to a corner house, in which they had re

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