Two decades before Boudica led the Iceni in rebellion against the forces of Rome, there was Caratacus. He and his brother Togodumnus were co-rulers of the Catuvellauni (an Iron Age people whose lands lay in the south and east of England), and together they led the resistance against Claudius’ invasion of AD 43. The pair achieved early successes through guerrilla tactics but, the Roman historian Cassius Dio writes, when they made a more formal stand at the Battle of Medway, the result was a crushing defeat. Togodumnus was killed, Dio writes (though some modern scholars suggest that he survived and submitted to Roman rule, becoming the similarly named client king mentioned by Tacitus; if so,
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