Italy

Rome: strategy of empire

REVIEW BY MARK CORBY This fine book seeks to overthrow the current academic consensus that the Romans were incapable of strategic thought, had little understanding of their frontiers, lacked the will to develop a coherent defensive system due to the…

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Current World Archaeology 116

• Ötzi: life and death of the iceman
• Gifts for the gods: fascinating finds from an ancient sanctuary in Italy
• The ‘Qurna Queen’: Nubia’s influence on Egypt
• Hieroglyphs: unlocking a lost world
• United Arab Emirates: rock art and a hidden landscape
• Thailand: inside prehistoric houses

Santa Costanza, c.1710-1730

Among the early Christian catacombs in northern Rome, beyond the walls of the ancient city, are those of the Sant’Agnese fuori le mura complex. It is here along the via Nomentana that St Agnes of Rome is said to have…

1922.5377 Didrachm (Coin) Depicting the God Janus

Janus: two-faced god of beginnings

As we enter a new year, many of us find ourselves both reflecting on the past and making plans for the future. This dual outlook is embodied by the two-faced god Janus, who governed the first month of the year in ancient Rome

1200px Cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale DP170959

This week: Roman frescoes

Over the past few centuries of European history, we have grown used to the notion of the artist as celebrity. As far back as the Italian Renaissance, Leonardo and Michelangelo were famous in their own lifetimes. More recently, we can…

640px Pompeii forum watercolor by Luigi Bazzani

Pompeii Quiz

In which year was Pompeii buried under pumice and ash following the devastating eruption of Mount Vesuvius?

ABOVE Wall painting showing an actor with a mask, found in Pompeii. 1st century AD, Fourth Style. Size: 45 x 35cm

Painting Pompeii

Richly painted frescoes enlivened the often dark and claustrophobic rooms of Roman houses. How was this interior world of colour created? Dalu Jones celebrates the triumph of Pompeii and Herculaneum’s frescoes.

Opposite page A striking reconstruction of Ötzi in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. He is shown with replicas of some of the kit and clothing found with him, including an unfinished bow. left The South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano. below This digital table allows visitors to

Ötzi’s one-man show

On 19 September 1991, two hikers made an alarming discovery high in the Alps. Travelling off the beaten track, they saw a human corpse in a gulley, and imagined they had stumbled across an ill-fated mountaineer. Instead, this was just the latest twist in an extraordinary murder mystery. Investigators soon realised that the victim had met his fate in prehistory. Now, over three decades on, the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology is showcasing the vivid light shed on Copper Age life thanks to the study of this man and his possessions. Richard Hodges reports.

PICTURED A view of Timpone della Motta, looking over the sanctuary at the top of the hill towards the Ionian coast. Excavations here are shedding fascinating new light on the

Glass beads, ritual deposits, and laser beams: a sanctuary on Timpone della Motta entangled in networks of trade and resettling

Thousands of votive objects have been found buried in ritual deposits at a hilltop sanctuary in southern Italy. Cristina Boschetti, Jan Kindberg Jacobsen, Gloria Mittica, Eva Mortensen, and Rubina Raja take us to the excavations at the summit of Timpone della Motta and tie the findings together with the archaeology and history of the site. Our journey, though, begins in a laboratory in Orléans.

Exploring Etruscan endurance

Recent investigations in southern Tuscany have found a Late Etruscan and Roman Republican village, manufacturing district, sanctuary, and a necropolis.

A new project by researchers from Lund University has used 3D modelling (RIGHT) and virtual reality technology (BELOW) to investigate how Roman visitors would have experienced the House of the Greek Epigrams (BELOW RIGHT).

Exploring a Roman house in VR

In order to explore how this lavish home was experienced by Roman viewers, researchers first used 3D-modelling software to create a reconstruction of the house. This 3D model was based on information from an earlier Lund University project that digitally mapped a neighbourhood in Pompeii, in combination with records from the excavation of the house and other information about Roman architecture.

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Current World Archaeology 113

• Digging Caesar’s Forum: daily life in Rome
• Nebra Sky Disc: decoding a prehistoric vision of the cosmos (out 25 May on The Past)
• The dead of Amato: conflict on the Peruvian south coast
• Tsunami: a Bronze Age tragedy in Turkey
• Finding Shackleton’s ship
• The monastery of San Vincenzo al Volturno

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Supersize finds from Sardinia and Egypt

At the site of Mont'e Prama in Sardinia, archaeologists have uncovered Bronze Age fragmentary sculptures of two boxers. And at Saqqara, a host of statues, coffins, and figurines have been revealed.

Above Niches were carved in the walls of another of the chambers of the Ipogeo dei Cristallini when the tomb was reused for burials in the Roman period.

Underground Naples

The layers of tunnels under Naples preserve traces of Greek life and death in ancient Italy. Dalu Jones heads beneath the surface to visit ongoing restoration work that is making an ancient tomb and its rare surviving Greek paintings accessible to the public.

Digging Caesar’s Forum: three thousand years of daily life in Rome

Fresh traces of urban life spanning almost three millennia are coming to light in central Rome. New Danish-Italian excavations have uncovered far more than Caesar’s monumental forum project. Delving through archaeological layers, while travelling back in time from Mussolini’s 1930s constructions, Jan Kindberg Jacobsen, Eva Mortensen, Claudio Parisi Presicce, and Rubina Raja disentangle the complex urban stratigraphy of the Eternal City.

A lighthouse and an erupting volcano Wellcome V0049620

Volcanoes Quiz

In which year did the eruption of Mount Vesuvius bury Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash and mud?

Opposite Marble head of the god Apollo (Kassel type) found during excavations for the construction of the Opera House on the Viminal Hill in Rome. Roman copy of a mid 5th century BC original attributed to Phidias.

Museo Barracco: a head for sculpture

Having brought together ancient Roman, Greek, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian artefacts to create a museum of comparative sculpture, Baron Giovanni Barracco gave his collection of antiquities to the city of Rome in 1902. Now housed in a 16th-century palace in the Italian capital, the little-known Museo Barracco showcases ancient artistry and the activities of collectors, both at the turn of the century and in ancient Rome. Dalu Jones is our guide.

Opposite More than any other Roman arch, the Arch of Constantine has served as the model for later versions, though it is itself modelled on the Arch of Septimius Severus and consists almost entirely of decorative elements recycled from earlier monuments. This arch commemorates the decisive Battle of the Milvian Bridge (AD 312) at which Constantine defeated Maxentius to become sole emperor.

The triumphal arch: exploring the legacy of a Roman monument

Dismissed by one distinguished architectural writer as a regrettable example of Roman pomposity, ‘typical of the rather pretentious magnificence of the [Roman] Empire’, the ‘triumphal arch’ (more correctly the ‘honorary arch’) has proved to be surprisingly enduring, with a history that extends from the Roman period to the present day. Chris Catling reviews a new book by Peter Howell tracing the history of the arch through its many manifestations.