above Aztec ritual mask. Made from wood and turquoise plaques sometime between AD 1400 and 1521, it has eyes of shell and pyrites, and ivory teeth. It was made to be suspended on the chest or back rather than worn as a face mask. It is currently in the British Museum in London. Size:16.8 x 15.2 x 13.5cm

Sacred Light, Brilliant Matter

Why are we drawn to bright things? When and where did our fascination with sparkle and shine begin? Were ancient ideas of beauty and value the same as ours – or rooted more deeply in the magical worlds of sorcery and spiritual belief? Archaeologist, anthropologist, and America specialist Nicholas J Saunders offers some answers.
Start
In October 1492, Christopher Columbus stumbled unexpectedly into a world of bright mythical realities. Few events changed human history more than his encounter with what we now call the Americas. It was perhaps the greatest irony of this momentous episode that Europeans began a dialogue with the local inhabitants by expressing an interest in gold, which was coincidentally often exchanged between indigenous elites, albeit in alloyed form. Columbus admired the shiny ornaments worn by the Caribbean Taíno chiefs, for which, setting a virtually continent-wide precedent, he exchanged shiny glass beads and base-metal artefacts. At the possible site of this first meeting – a Taíno village on San

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